ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് Grammar കേൾക്കുമ്പോൾ headache feel ആകുന്ന students ഒരുപാടുണ്ട്. Tenses, Articles, Prepositions, Voice — ഇവ ഒക്കെ confusing ആണ് Malayalam medium students ക്ക്. ഈ article ൽ Grammar simple ആക്കി, examples ൽ, explain ചെയ്യാം.
Tenses — Most Important Topic
Tenses English ൽ ഏറ്റവും important concept ആണ്. 12 tenses ഉണ്ട്. But SSLC / Plus Two ക്ക് mainly 3 major tenses ആണ് important:
Present Tense: Now / Generally happens. Example: She studies every day. (Simple Present) Example: She is studying now. (Present Continuous)
Past Tense: Already happened. Example: He studied yesterday. (Simple Past) Example: He was studying when I called. (Past Continuous)
Future Tense: Will happen. Example: They will study tomorrow. (Simple Future)
Trick: Always identify TIME first. Now → Present. Before → Past. Later → Future.
Active and Passive Voice
Active: Subject does the action. ‘Ram ate the mango.’ (Ram = subject, ate = action) Passive: Object becomes subject. ‘The mango was eaten by Ram.’
Rule: Active to Passive — Object first, ‘was/were/is/are/has been’ + past participle, ‘by’ + original subject.
Example: ‘She writes a letter’ → ‘A letter is written by her.’
Practice 10 sentences ദിവസവും — 2 weeks ൽ confident ആകും.
Articles — A, An, The
A/An: ഒന്നിനെ introduce ചെയ്യുമ്പോൾ (indefinite). A + consonant sound. An + vowel sound. ‘A book’ (book ൽ ‘b’ consonant). ‘An apple’ (apple ൽ ‘a’ vowel).
The: Specific, already known. ‘The book I gave you’ (specific book).
No article: Proper nouns, languages, sports, meals. ‘I eat rice. I play football. I speak Malayalam.’
Prepositions — Simple Tricks
In: Enclosed spaces, months, years. ‘In the box, in June, in 2024.’ On: Surfaces, days, dates. ‘On the table, on Monday, on June 5.’ At: Specific points, times. ‘At the door, at 5pm, at school.’
Trick: In = large / enclosed. On = surface / specific day. At = exact point.
Reported Speech
Direct: Ram said, ‘I am tired.’ Reported: Ram said that he was tired.
Rule: Present tense → Past tense in reported speech. ‘am/is’ → ‘was’. ‘are’ → ‘were’. ‘will’ → ‘would’. ‘can’ → ‘could’.
Practice Strategy
Grammar reading ൽ learn ആകില്ല. Writing ൽ ആണ് learn ആകുന്നത്. ദിവസവും 5 sentences ഓരോ grammar rule ൽ write ചെയ്ത് Grammarly ൽ check ചെയ്യൂ. 1 month ൽ confidence feel ആകും.
Exam ൽ Grammar question കണ്ടാൽ panic ചെയ്യരുത്. Rule ഓർക്കൂ. Apply ചെയ്യൂ. Check ചെയ്യൂ. Done.